The World of Copper
The reddish-golden metal, Copper, has been a central element in human progress since prehistoric times. It is one of the first metals to be ever used by humans, leading to an entire period in human history being named the Copper Age. This era marked a transitional phase between the Neolithic (Stone Age) and the Bronze Age, characterized by the widespread use of copper tools and weapons alongside traditional stone implements.
The early Vedas refer to copper as Lohita Ayas, associated with purification, healing and balance. The Ayurveda also advocates the use of copper for its antimicrobial properties that balances three doshas Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Even today copper is used in temples signifying its sacred and purifying nature.
Today, copper is recognized as one of the most versatile metals with a wide range of applications across various industries. Its excellent electrical conductivity makes it essential in electrical wiring, electronics, lithium-ion batteries and renewable energy systems, such as solar panels and wind turbines. A typical wind turbine requires about 3,000 pounds of copper, while solar panels use copper for wiring and connections to enhance efficiency. Copper is also used in plumbing, roofing, and construction due to its durability and resistance to corrosion.
Its antimicrobial properties have led to its use in healthcare, where copper surfaces can reduce the spread of infections by up to 99.9%. Notably, during the COVID-19 pandemic, copper was incorporated into face masks to leverage its antimicrobial properties and reduce transmission risk.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) stands as Africa's largest copper producer and ranks among the top three globally, contributing around 12% of the world's copper output. This remarkable achievement is largely attributed to the Katanga region, which is home to some of the highest-grade copper deposits in the world. The global copper market is projected to reach approximately 25 million metric tons in 2025, with Chile remaining the largest producer, contributing about 28% of the world's supply. However, the current demand of 28 million metric tons exceeds the estimated supply of 20 million metric tons, with an annual growth rate of 2.9% per year (CAGR). The five-year forecast projects demand to reach around 32 million metric tons by 2030, while supply is anticipated to remain around 22 million metric tons, reflecting production challenges. Sector-specific demand growth is expected in electric vehicles, renewable energy, and data centres, with significant increases in copper demand projected by 2035.
APPLICATIONS OF COPPER
